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Although it is generally accepted that γδ T cells express Lck and Fyn, this idea is based more on indirect evidence from studies investigating γδ T cell development in Lck- or Fyn-deficient mice [13], [14], [21], [23], [24] than on a direct demonstration of expression [25].
To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of expression and activity of a native-secreted immunomodulatory VARV protein.
The demonstration of expression of SRIF receptors on stromal cells within ovarian tumours means that SRIF analogues could potentially alter tumour growth indirectly, by inhibiting stromal cell production of growth factors.
To date studies demonstrating the expression of ERβ in breast cancer tissues have largely been confined to the demonstration of expression of ERβ mRNA (Dotzlaw et al, 1997; Leygue et al, 1998; Speirs et al, 1999; Vladusic et al, 2000).
Of the 47 genes examined, only the PHB gene showed female DNA hypomethylation approaching the level seen in males, and escape from X chromosome inactivation was verified by demonstration of expression from the inactive X chromosome.
These results are consistent with demonstration of expression of TG1, TG2, TG3, and TG5 in the brain (Kim et al. 1999; Bailey and Johnson 2004; Bailey et al. 2004) and together with cell biological studies points to a highly complex regulation of TG genes in the CNS.
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This opens the possibility that lack of NPY in osteoblasts may have contributed to the phenoptype of NPY −/− mice, consistent with our demonstration of NPY expression in osteoblasts, altered expression of osteogenic transcription factors in bone as well as increased ex vivo mineralization of osteoblasts from NPY −/− mice.
Demonstration of persistent expression of these mRNAs or expression in the context of relevant clinical symptoms has a strong positive predictive value for the development of HPV-associated carcinomas and strongly warrants further diagnostic action.
The cell lineage specificity of reporter gene expression was confirmed by demonstration of coincident expression with the endogenous CSF1R protein.
The former provides information about SOCS expression in vivo in the context of host responses, while the latter allows for demonstration of constitutive expression that may result from genomic alteration.
Not only is the demonstration of Ucn expression in chondrocytes novel, these studies and the accompanying western blotting studies also intriguingly demonstrated the expression of both CRFR1 and CRFR2 receptor subtypes in these cells (CRFR1 α and CRFR2 β), a phenomenon that, as far as we are aware, has not previously been reported.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com