Assembly of functional Fab was confirmed by demonstration of antigen-specific binding using antibodies of known specificity.
In contrast, demonstration of viral antigen in cattle with MCF has, thus far, been largely unsuccessful [2], [3].
Demonstration of viral antigen was based on chromogen deposition in the nucleus, with or without chromogen deposition in the cytoplasm.
No relationship was detected between the occurrence of histological lesions and the demonstration of chlamydial antigen by immunohistochemistry.
Demonstration of viral antigen was based on chromagen deposition in the nucleus, with or without chromagen deposition in the cytoplasm.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of viral antigen within the brain and vegetative nerve system of the gastrointestinal tract provides strong evidence for a causative role of ABVs in this condition.
Dengue infections were confirmed by virus isolation or viral RNA detection by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), by immunoglobulin (Ig) M and/or IgG seroconversion, or by the demonstration of DENV antigen in formalized fixed autopsy tissues by immunohistochemical tests.
As an enterovirus group-specific monoclonal antibody (Mab) is now available, the demonstration of enteroviral antigens in myocardium is possible [ 30].
The most direct causal evidence for microbial triggers for ReA derives from a demonstration of microbial antigens in the joint [ 16].
The successful IHC demonstration of ABV antigens in birds with PDD by using a polyclonal serum against the phosphoprotein of BDV shows that, despite their diversity, ABVs and BDV share epitopes.
Though three countries in this survey exclusively collected serum during the acute and subacute phases of outbreaks, the majority of the countries/regions followed the recommendation of the OIE [ 22] and collected samples for demonstration of FMD viral antigen or nucleic acid during the acute phase of outbreaks; moreover, their NRLs had either antigen ELISA or PCR set up.
