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Foreign direct investment (FDI) can benefit innovation activity in the host country via spillover channels such as reverse engineering, skilled labor turnovers, demonstration effects, and supplier customer relationships.
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Legislation and bilateral agreements can bring order to migration flows: Seasonal employer programmes in New Zealand and Australia - which offer short term employment to unskilled workers from the Pacific - are small, limited initiatives, but they serve as a useful demonstration effect and provide a base from which to build more ambitious agreements.
The native population will increasingly demand the same goods due to the demonstration effect and the increased culinary variety (e.g. Gabaccia, 1998; Bakens et al. 2013).
When the models use one-lagged explanatory variables, there is thus an offset between the positive demonstration effect and negative differentiation effect, causing an insignificant decline in the regression coefficient.
But then again, asset recovery is not just about the money; it is also about the demonstration effect and the follow-on discussion that promotes change.
In particular, the evaluation discussed: 1) whether the two projects have succeeded in establishing good practices in gatekeeping, which can have a demonstration effect and be scaled-up; and 2) whether they managed to influence government policies towards adopting a family and community-based approach to child protection.
We find strong evidence of the value of external knowledge acquisition both through interactive collaboration and non-interactive contacts such as demonstration effects, copying or reverse engineering.
Spillover effects are indirect effects of inward FDI and are here defined as the unintended transmission of knowledge and skills from the FDI enterprise to domestic enterprises via demonstration effects and/or worker mobility.
In line with the findings of the study, it is argued that spillover effects are indirect effects of inward FDI and are here defined as the unintended transmission of knowledge and skills from the FDI enterprise to domestic enterprises via demonstration effects and/or worker mobility.
This has had dramatic demonstration effects.
The second has been public forays that are designed to have demonstration effects: they are designed to show that he can lob simple rhetorical bombs that resonate with the base, and pierce the default distraction of ordinary voters going about their lives.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com