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Learner agency can be operationalised through achievement goal theory, which explains that students can have different goal orientations as they enter learning situations: mastery (learn and improve), performance approach (demonstrate competence) or performance-avoid (avoid demonstrating incompetence).
Performance-avoid goal orientations can lead individuals not to engage in challenging tasks to avoid demonstrating incompetence (Covington, 2000; Lehtinen, Vauras, Salonen, Olkinuora, & Kinnunen, 1995).
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"They worry it will demonstrate incompetence or that they will be bothering busy people.
Let's not let President Bush's record of demonstrated incompetence become less important than his public speaking ability.
Instead, after all this time, after more than a month of BP's demonstrated incompetence, the administration continues to dither.
Mr. McCain must never have noticed that the public turned overwhelmingly against the Bush administration because of its repeatedly demonstrated incompetence.
"The timing of this is suspect because it is political or it is so late as to demonstrate incompetence," Mr. Green said.
A more ominous explanation might be that his redundantly demonstrated incompetence as a businessman tumbled him into unsavory financial dependencies on Russians.
She added that at best the evidence the committee had heard demonstrated "incompetence" at the top of the corporation – and at its worst showed "people covering their back by being less than open".
Cheney says that Abdulmutallab and the process of getting into Yemen demonstrates "incompetence".
"The inference is that Reyes is not truthful about what he observed or at the very least demonstrates incompetence as a trained police officer," Scott wrote in his opinion.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com