More recently, the cell-in-cell structure formation is demonstrated to be able to promote clonal selection and human tumor evolution mediated by cell competition, a mechanism evolved to eliminate less fit cells from a heterogeneous cell population.
Nonetheless, similar patterns of "loss of heterozygosity" (LOH) appear to be a common feature of the genetics of Phytopthoras and LOH as a result of very frequent mitotic crossing has been demonstrated to be the norm in clonal isolates of P. capsici (Lamour et al. 2012) and P. cinnamoni (Dobrowolski et al. 2003).
In addition, the miR-17-19 miR-17-19 miR-17-19rises seven miRNAs (miR-17-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-18, miR-19a, miR-20, miR-19b, and miR-92-1) and promotes clusteroliferation in various cancers, has been demonstrated to be significantly upregulated at the clonal expansion stage of adipocyte differentiation.
In other systems, BIRC5 regulation of clonal expansion has been demonstrated to be downstream of PI3K and Akt signaling [37] and CDCA8 and BIRC5 undergo co-coordinated transcriptional repression in response to inactivation of CDK4 [38].
Recently, the T-cell repertoire has been demonstrated to be dynamic in a large proportion (37%) of T-LGL leukemia patients, a phenomenon referred to as 'clonal drift'.
Altogether, the cytogenetic analysis demonstrated that both primary cultures consisted of a rather homogenous cell population since most of the chromosomal alterations were shown to be clonal.
All of the Mazatec populations appear to be clonal.
M. leprae strains were found to be clonal (13, 14 ).
Such isolates are presumed to be clonal [ 23].
CD152 has also been demonstrated to promote clonal anergy development by limiting cell cycle progression during the primary response in vivo [ 16], thus CD152 opened up the possibility to study whether the current knowledge in site-directed in vitro immunization allows any generalizations to be made that will consequently be useful in developing human mAbs against self Ags.
