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The expanders tested demonstrated stiffness characteristics compatible with opening of the palatine sutures in pre-adolescent patients.
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Gallium is only liquid at room temperature and above, which means these structures demonstrate stiffness and toughness within a certain temperature range.
Under repeated loading, the foam sample demonstrated lower stiffness during the first load cycle.
The bone collagen revealed inferior tensional properties with aging and the mineralized femur demonstrated decreased stiffness with age.
Higher aspect ratio panels (4:1) demonstrated lower stiffness and substantially larger deformation capacity compared to moderate aspect ratio panels (2 1).
The results demonstrated excellent stiffness, strength, and ductility characteristics of subassemblages under cyclic loading, with considerable energy dissipation concentrated in the coupling beam web.
The load deflection curves of SCC-B-B1, SCC-B-B2, VC-B-B1 and VC-B-B2 demonstrated similar stiffness characteristics.
Pig menisci demonstrated increased stiffness and the sheep meniscus was softer, making it easier to create surgical lesions for meniscal research using the sheep model (Cake et al. 2013).
On the other hand opposing gradients are unlikely in vivo, but MSC plasticity has been previously demonstrated using stiffness and growth factor cues of opposing lineages: MSCs on 1 kPa hydrogels challenged with either muscle or osteo-inductive media displayed a mixed phenotype after 1 week but were unaffected by the inductive media after 3 weeks [11].
Biomechanical evaluation of short constructs utilizing screws at the fractured level demonstrated increased stiffness and stability across the fracture [ 27, 28].
Cation structure did have a measureable impact on the soil stiffness, with organic cations with carbon concentrated primarily in a single tail demonstrating higher stiffness than those soils engineered with a branched cation structure.
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