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We demonstrate that the evolutionary rate of a gene is negatively correlated with its total constraint intensity.
We demonstrate that the evolutionary concept of dynamic fitness values for genetic changes which is extensively modulated and defined by tissue microenvironment is necessary to explain the age-related rates of somatic evolution.
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Our study demonstrates that the evolutionary history of European temperate small mammals is indeed much more complex than previously suggested.
Recent theoretical studies have demonstrated that the evolutionary history of a community is an important determinant of it evolutionary fate [22], [34].
It has been demonstrated that the evolutionary dynamics of HIV differ substantially among levels of organisation [ 2, 18].
Further investigation demonstrated that the evolutionary histories of portions of BEX, WEX and GASP genes were not identical to the relationships expected from the species' phylogenetic tree.
This analysis directly demonstrates that the evolutionary trajectories of ΔmtDNA elements depend upon the population-genetic environments and molecular-genetic features of their hosts.
However, fossil evidence of mosaic and/or convergent evolution within or across different morphological modules [ 2- 7] demonstrates that the evolutionary process is more complex.
Our study demonstrated that the evolutionary trajectories of naturally occurring ΔmtDNA molecules follow the basic rules of population-genetic theory: that they proliferate when host (organism) population size is small, and decline when host population size is large.
Our data demonstrated that the evolutionary pattern of insect sHSPs which is different from that found in vertebrates and will provide some new insight into evolution of insect sHSPs.
Single- [ 51, 53] and multi-trait selection on eyespot size [ 55] has demonstrated that the evolutionary potential of eyespots on all wing surfaces is strongly coupled and differs little among wing surfaces, despite differences in morphology or function.
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