Fifteen minute measurements of the rates of fatty acid oxidation demonstrated reduced capacity for oxidation in the fasted Pank1−/− livers compared to fasted wild-type livers (Fig. 3D).
Following a 17-hour fast, while hepatic glucose production was found to be increased in the PPARα-null mouse, the stable isotope approach demonstrated reduced capacity for converting lactate into glucose, but increased capacity for the conversion of glycerol into glucose via gluconeogenesis.
Some tumors, such as liver cancer caused by chemical carcinogens, already demonstrate reduced autophagic capacity during the early phase of tumorigenesis.
Embryonic fibroblasts isolated from B9d1-null mice possess structurally normal cilia but still demonstrate reduced Hh signalling capacity, and a number of proteins that normally localise to cilia failed to localise to B9d1-deficient cilia (Dowdle et al., 2011).
While atherosclerosis tends to remain subclinical until adulthood in individuals with type 1 diabetes (10), adolescents with type 1 diabetes demonstrate reduced peak exercise capacity and decreased cardiac function compared with nondiabetic adolescents (11).
We have reworked the Discussion to more clearly link our studies to the literature available on spatial quality control and to address the distinctions between our observations of enhanced proteostasis capacity and those in the literature demonstrating reduced proteostasis capacity.
Whilst monocyte expression of TLRs 2 and 4 during the intensive phase of TB treatment did not correlate with clinical severity or overall TNFα production, use of purified TLR ligands demonstrated reduced functional capacity of these receptors in terms of triggering the expected inflammatory response to pathogenic stimulation.
In a human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma xenograft model or in a syngenic murine model of mammary gland tumorigenesis, tumor cells overexpressing Csta demonstrate a reduced capacity to form lung or bone metastasis respectively, suggesting that Cystatin A may act as a tumor suppressor within these contexts [15], [16].
In agreement with this, another study [ 28] demonstrated reduced exercise capacities in patients with exogenous subclinical hypothyroidism compared to controls, but one-year-change of exercise capacity did not differ among groups of levothyroxine treatment and placebo groups [ 28].
Participants also demonstrated reduced peak work capacity.
