Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(18)
The F.B.I. does not need to demonstrate probable cause that a crime has been committed, or any connection to terrorism.
The Fourth Amendment obliges the government to demonstrate probable cause before conducting invasive surveillance.
Traditionally, prosecutors may ask judges to wiretap lawyer-client conversations if they can demonstrate probable cause that the lawyer is being used to carry out a criminal enterprise.
To gain access to unencrypted surveillance data, law enforcement agencies must identify people whose actions justify closer investigation and then demonstrate probable cause.
Consequently, the non-targeted cellular subscriber would, by extension, be protected by traditional Fourth Amendment protections, requiring the government to demonstrate probable cause under the SCA.
To obtain a search warrant or arrest warrant, the law enforcement officer must demonstrate probable cause that a search or seizure is justified.
Similar(42)
Each of them concluded that the government had demonstrated "probable cause" that Page was acting as an agent of the Kremlin.
WASHINGTON, Sept. 26 — A federal judge in Oregon ruled Wednesday that crucial parts of the USA Patriot Act were not constitutional because they allowed federal surveillance and searches of Americans without demonstrating probable cause.
In short, the immediacy and intrusiveness of a search and seizure conducted pursuant to a warrant demand the safeguard of demonstrating probable cause to a neutral judicial officer before the warrant issues, whereas the issuance of a subpoena initiates an adversary process that can command the production of documents and things only after judicial process is afforded.
An ACLU records request of 250 police departments nationwide found that "virtually all" respondents said they track cell phone location data maintained by cellular companies, and "only a tiny minority reported consistently obtaining a warrant and demonstrating probable cause to do so".
For several pairs of isolates, the only remaining evidence of shared spacer sequences in the same position are the very first conserved spacer at the trailer end of the locus (indicated in Figure 1C by the dual-color in the summary bar on the right), demonstrating probable ancestry followed by divergence.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com