Four of five common ravens eventually succeeded, and "the transition from no success (ignoring the food or merely yanking at the string) to constant reliable access (pulling up the meat) occurred with no demonstrable trial-and-error learning".
Without a placebo arm, the assay sensitivity of a trail is not demonstrable from the trial data and ones must rely on some external information (e.g., historical placebo trails) for the reference treatment [ 4].
No effect was demonstrable in individual trials or on meta analysis (MD 0.06 g/dL, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.17; 1005 participants, three trials; Analysis 3.4).
Statistical heterogeneity a measure of within-trial variation was investigated using the I statistic [ 30]: 0–40 % indicating unimportant levels; 30 60 % showing moderate heterogeneity; 50 100 % as demonstrable heterogeneity within trials.
(3) Slowing of congruent trials following incongruent trials was demonstrable in controls and patients (p = 0.009 and p = 0.010; group×previous interaction, p = 0.788).
Also Thursday, the California Supreme Court in a unanimous decision overturned the conviction and death sentence of Craigen Lewis Armstrong, finding that Los Angeles Superior Court Judge William Pounders discharged a juror during the guilt phase of Armstrong's trial without demonstrable reason to believe that the juror could not complete her duty. .
Therefore, the impact of image-guided therapy on survival should be demonstrable using the randomized trial methodology applicable to other therapeutic manoeuvres.
One explanation for the lack of demonstrable benefit in this trial was the lower than anticipated acceptance of the intervention by smokers.
Treatment of cryptosporidiosis in HIV infected children has proved difficult and unsatisfactory with no drugs having demonstrable efficacy in controlled trials except nitazoxanide.
Hence, the act of translating therapies of demonstrable value in clinical trials among younger individuals into practice in the elderly is quite problematic.
For normal tissue, a difference in dose to the breast of approximately 10%, within the context of a radiotherapy dose trial, achieved a demonstrable change in the incidence of shape change [ 5].
