As a consequence of the alteration in habitat availability, these events caused demographic reductions and expansions, changing the level of contact and population distribution between geographic regions.
Movements of land-masses and successive multiple glacial events that occurred during the Pleistocene caused severe habitat changes which confined many species to warmer refugia and led other taxa to experience demographic reductions or complete extinction [ 1].
The Papel, curiously also affiliated to the Bak-speakers, may either represent a legacy left by earlier inhabitants of the Guinean delta, survivors of an ancient pool through demographic reductions and expansions, or later arrivers who have preserved a more discrete genetic identity.
The factors that have pushed it to rise annually more than three percentage points above inflation -- demographics, reductions in state aid to higher education, the demand for college education -- are not changing, says Ronald Ehrenberg, a Cornell University economics professor.
Rural urban migration is not only a Bhutanese phenomenon; it has been reported in most rural regions around the world due to better economic opportunities elsewhere, causing damage to rural communities in terms of skewed demographic profiles, reductions in services and loss of local culture (Stockdale 2004).
In countries at the second stage of demographic transition, mortality reduction is followed by fertility decline [ 1].
Linkage with other healthcare and demographic databases enabled reduction of potential confounding through statistical techniques as well as adjustment for competing risks of mortality, as many men with prostate cancer are known to die of other causes.
About this time the cheetah populations seem to have experienced what may have been the first and most severe of a series of size reductions (demographic bottlenecks).
Technology is helping -- heightened demographic insights, cost reductions of email vs snail mail, investments in crowd-funding platforms like this one.
