In an age of 3D, high definition and video on demand, viewers do not watch television in the way that they used to.
Prancing around art galleries with a laser in your butt could be seen as silly, or a cheap gimmick to demand viewers' attention.
Mr. Landgraf described FX Now as an "advertiser-supported, on-demand viewer experience" that will help meet the increasing interest from consumers in watching shows away from their TV sets.
From 1996 Holzer expanded her installations to include large-scale outdoor light projections, choosing public locations that demanded viewer attention.
"The emotional content, Masters' timing, black-and-white treatment, Tiger's silent gaze and his late father's prescient voice-over creates context that demands viewer attention.
Broadcasts, to date mostly over the internet, have attracted more than 70 million live and on-demand viewers.
The iPlayer loophole will be closed so on-demand viewers will need a TV licence like everyone else.
Because on-demand viewers often zap commercials, the networks ramped up product placements, choreographing Paula Abdul's every sip from her red Coca-Cola glass, on "American Idol".
As Bamford inches her way into larger and larger circles of performance, she establishes an intimacy with the audience that demands viewers stop and remember that they are watching a real thing created by a real person.
Reason: a presumption that on-demand viewers are particularly likely to fast-forward past the ads.
The number of on-demand viewers is expected to quadruple in five years, and marketers are trying to create and place ad messages that these engaged TV viewers will want to watch.
