AS THE Fed almost, nearly recognises, a shortfall in aggregate demand is constraining employment growth.
(1) Pumping constraint (Q j ): The pumping rates at potential pumping wells in the water demand are constrained for values between some minimum (Q j min ) and maximum (Q j max ).
Figure 6 shows the user's rate for different allocation schemes when the users minimum data rate demands are constrained to R k = 1 Mbps for all MCs.
Figure 2 shows the user's rate for different allocation schemes when the users minimum data rate demands are constrained to and the fairness parameter is set to 0. We observe that under optimal allocation based on perfect CDIT, the need of all users in terms of data rate is satisfied.
Take property: Germany is already experiencing a real estate boom, especially in hotspots such as Berlin, and the more money the ECB creates the more is likely to flow into Germany; but in Italy demand for property is constrained by five years of stagnation and continuing emigration of its young people.
The goal of the smart grid optimization problem is to optimally control DG such that network operating constraints are maintained and power mismatch between generation, demand and loss is constrained to zero.
If domestic demand in an economy is constrained, then that country must either rely on external demand or expect high unemployment.
Matt Pullen, head of AkzoNobel in the UK, said: "Demand is growing and supply is constrained.
The other is a more or less Keynesian view in which a depressed economy is constrained by demand, not supply.
Manhattan, the City and Canary Wharf can justify building office towers because their land area is constrained and demand for commercial space high.
California's experiment exemplified why electricity markets have been so volatile: demand fluctuates widely, but production is constrained by generator capacities and electricity cannot be stored.
