Though there is a notable difference between engineering design and scientific inquiry, two central ways they converge according to Purzer et al. (2015) are "(a) reasoning processes such as analogical reasoning as navigational devices to bridge the gap between problem and solution and (b) uncertainty as a starting condition that demands expenditure of cognitive resources…" (p. 2).
It is easy to see how a recession fuels a downward spiral: demand falls, expenditure is cut, income falls, demand falls (again), etc.
We posit that the systemic increase in skeletal muscle mass and resultant increase in energy demand and expenditure largely account for PF-879-mediated improvements in whole-body metabolism.
A complex, finely tuned homeostatic system senses the dynamic balance between energy demand and expenditure and regulates the biogenesis, activity, and coupling of mitochondria, according to type, function, and metabolic status of cells and tissues (Wallace and Fan, 2010).
Western covert operations capability has been a rapidly expanding area of defense since 9/11, demanding greater expenditure from government budgets but proving decisive in targeting AQ across the globe.
In an attempt to alleviate ICU demand and expenditures, many centers have opted to provide graded levels of critical care with the creation of SDUs.
Econometric macro- and micro-simulation models are the most common methods used to investigate future trends in demand and expenditures of long-term care, based on aggregate data and demographic projections [ 24- 26].
If higher short-term flight performance improves the effectiveness of food acquisition in the barn swallow, it may help better fliers to acquire resources satisfying the demands of expenditure on migration more efficiently compared with the average bird.
It has been shown that the larger the household, the greater the demand and expenditures for food and the higher the tendency to substitute high-value food by low-value and basic foods (Savadogo and Brandt 1988; Deaton and Praxson 1998).
