The study examines trends in the consumption of reproductive health services (use of modern contraceptives, health facility deliveries, assisted deliveries, first trimester antenatal visit and 4+ antenatal visits) and their determinants using four rounds of Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys (1993, 1998, 2003 and 2008) data.
Mothers' residential PM10 exposures were calculated for the following time periods: 0 7 days before delivery, each trimester of pregnancy (1 13 weeks, 14 28 weeks, and 29 weeks to delivery), and the last month of pregnancy.
A quantitative evaluation of the Program in the three pilot communities compared birthweight, preterm delivery and trimester of presentation in pregnancy between the pre-Program phase (1990 1) and the post-introduction phase (1994 5) [ 9].
6– 9, 25 We did not search for spontaneous second trimester deliveries among induced deliveries, pregnancy terminations, and miscarriages with unrecorded gestational age, which is a limitation.
Table 4 lists sensitivities, specificities, and PPVs of risk factors of spontaneous second trimester delivery.
For each record, we decided whether a diagnosis of spontaneous second trimester delivery could be confirmed.
We defined a correct diagnosis of second trimester delivery as a gestational age within weeks 16 27 regardless of errors in gestational age within this period.
We proceeded with 2×2 cross tables calculating specificity, sensitivity, and PPV for each of the diagnoses related to spontaneous second trimester delivery.
27, 28 Traditionally, the diagnosis has been made based on an obstetric history of recurrent second trimester delivery following painless cervical dilation.
HIV positive women with multiple pregnancies, symptomatic HIV infection at delivery and first trimester fetal exposure to PI based triple therapy were found to be at risk of spontaneous preterm delivery.
