This is due to the particular features of each mode, including the design and delivery of the survey instrument, and the 'actors' involved in the survey process, namely respondents and interviewers [ 5].
A second and third delivery of the survey was done at 4- to 8-week intervals to nonresponders, and all responses were considered received by the end of 2009.
In addition, PIAAC has introduced methodological innovations such as multistage adaptive testing and flexible routing for the background questionnaire that have improved the design and delivery of the survey and laid the foundation for future assessments (Kirsch et al. 2017).
Mail delivery of the survey documents was possible in 1928 of 2000 cases (96.4%).
Because of the mode of delivery of the survey, respondents were limited to ANZSPM members with an email address.
In 2010, different professional associations cooperated in the delivery of the survey (German Association for Palliative Medicine DGP, German Association for Haematology and Oncology DGHO, German Cancer Society DKG, and German Association for the Study of Pain DGSS).
We would like to thank Helen Carlin, Joy Spalding, Susan Giles and Tom Hennell for their contributions to the development and delivery of the survey.
A reminder phone call will be made to non-responders approximately two weeks after the time of the initial delivery of each survey.
This approach leveraged the benefits of web-based data collection - cost-efficient delivery of complex survey instruments; tailored content; and maximization of participant confidentiality [ 44] - without facing the usual concerns associated with this survey administration method (that is, not reaching members of the target population who are not regular internet users) [ 45].
Further, an assumption has been made that the method of survey delivery (conference or postal) has not influenced responses from participants and that the responses have been combined for reporting.
