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However, not all records that describe a delivery episode have data entered into this tail.
Examples of variables with lower validity included total admissions prior to delivery episode, maternal smoking status, and timing of breastfeeding initiation.
Where parity was not available, a woman was labelled as multiparous if she was found to have had a delivery episode in the previous 10 years of data (April 1997 to December 2007).
The comparison group was randomly selected from women who had only been admitted to hospital for a pregnancy-related event including the delivery episode and had no diagnosis of interpersonal violence for that event or prior to or after the pregnancy.
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Between April 2000 and February 2009, there were 4,987,245 singleton delivery episodes in 146 English NHS trusts.
This left 2,484,468 (49.8%) singleton delivery episodes in 70 NHS trusts.
If neither of the sets of codes were available (0.5% of delivery episodes), vaginal delivery was assumed.
We included all singleton elective CS delivery episodes in NHS trusts collecting gestation data, from 1st April 2000 to 28th February 2009.
For delivery episodes, the HES dataset also has an additional "maternity tail" which includes parity, birth weight, gestational age, method of delivery, and pregnancy outcome.
The reduction of critical oxygen delivery episodes could constitute an additional beneficial effect of low as opposed to high TV strategy.
Consequently, if an NHS trust had values of "9" in the maternity tail field for more than 5% of their delivery episodes, all these values was re-coded as missing.
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