He suggests rethinking the very core of legitimacy – comprising representation, publicity, and rationality – in order to see the legitimacy following from several deliberative forums in a wider deliberative system.
On their view (very crudely), a slower, more deliberative, system tends to issue in a person's utilitarian-like judgments, whereas a quicker, more automatic system tends to produce judgments more in line with a Kantian approach.
This propensity is shown using a "dual decision" approach where choices reflect the interaction of a "deliberative" system, operating as in standard economic models, and an "affective" system that responds rapidly to stimuli without considering long-term consequences.
Responders were found to rely on a dual-process system (i.e., automatic and heuristic-based system 1 vs. cognitively costly and deliberative system 2), the P300 amplitude reflecting the switch from a decision making system to another.
We describe a study that used a cognitive load manipulation to investigate the role of the deliberative system in charitable giving and a set of failed replications of that study.
The deliberative system is described in Ajzen's theory of planned behavior as comprising attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.
Dual processing theory of human cognition postulates that reasoning and decision-making can be described as a function of both an intuitive, experiential, affective system (system I) and/or an analytical, deliberative (system II) processing system.
Type I processing is a fast and automatic system, which represents an individual's 'gut reaction' to an event, whereas Type II is a slower, more thoughtful and deliberative system [ 95].
The intuitive system is fast-acting, automatic, emotion- and intuition-based, heuristic-forming, experiential and unconscious, while the deliberative system is slower-acting, cognitive, rational, logical, analytical and conscious.
These factors, and policies for moderating them, are explored in Figure 2 in the context of the theory that individual behavior is determined by a deliberative system, which assesses options with a broad, goal-based perspective, and an affective system that encompasses emotions and motivational drives.
