These variants can affect single nucleotides or larger genomic ranges by substitution, insertion, deletion, or change in copy number.
The deletion or change in several genes may account for the different responses of M. truncatula ecotypes J. A17 and R108 to mineral toxicity of aluminum and sodium as well as iron deficiency.
Departure from this linear pattern denotes deletions or changes in the transposition rate and can be used as a basis for parameter estimation.
Proximity-based computational methods have been used effectively to associate gene cluster profiles with functionality [ 11, 37], although this approach is confounded by insertions, deletions or changes in gene order [ 36].
For example, in microarray or proteomic experiments, researchers can map their experimental data through pathway mapping systems, such as ArrayXPath II [10], GenMAPP [11], MEGU [12], and Pathway Explorer [13], to gain a comprehensive understanding of cellular regulation and to explore the existence of alternative pathways after gene deletions or change in conditions.
Plasmodium falciparum parasites undergo chromosomal deletion or other changes under in vitro adaptation or long-term cultivation that can lead to a reduction in cytoadhesion capacity [51], [52] and the 3D7 parasite is known to be poorly cytoadhesive [48].
Fragments showing an aberrant PCR-SSCP pattern on gel were subjected to direct DNA sequencing to document the exact nucleotide base deletion, addition, or change.
By exposing different parameters that can be changed at runtime, applications can be automatically adapted to changes in their execution environment caused by other programs, the addition or deletion of nodes, or changes in the availability of resources like communication links.
Deletions, mutations or change in the expression of p53 or STAT3 in hepatocytes contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or liver damage [ 56, 57].
These altered strains are metabolically similar to the parent strain, but include a small number of modifications such as gene additions, deletions, or regulatory changes.
