High-dose pubertal pyrethroid exposure has also been linked to hormone disruption (testosterone and estradiol synthesis) and expression of androgen receptor in the cerebral cortex in mice; such changes in the developing brain may be deleterious for neurobehavioral development (Liu et al. 2011).
These findings suggest that in contrast to complete loss of ilk, which is deleterious for organismal development, moderate ilk knock-down (KD) extends lifespan in C. elegans.
In light of the present data, it appears that in humans, ketamine could be deleterious for the development of the brain of preterm neonates and fetuses of addicted pregnant women.
Gene knock out technology is widely used to study gene function in vivo, however in some cases constitutive gene deletion is either lethal or deleterious for embryonic development precluding analysis of the adult organism.
Indeed, some data suggest that GABA overproduction is deleterious for plant development as shown in tobacco plants overexpressing a truncated GAD that lacks auto-inhibitory calmodulin binding site (GADΔC plants) [ 48].
Inheritance of the 37W variant is thus likely to be deleterious for brain development and function due to effects upon the mitochondrial transport machinery and impaired regulation of the direction of mitochondrial trafficking, in addition to its previously described effects upon nuclear DISC1 expression and gene transcription (29).
Here we present evidence that overexpressing OBF1 at a very early stage of B cell ontogeny is deleterious for B cell development.
The present findings indicate that continuous maternal EC exposure before and during gestation, are less deleterious for fetal ovarian development than a change in maternal EC exposure between pre and post-conception.
We have indications that deletion or overexpression of the PI-PLC gene is deleterious for P. berghei blood stage development (A.C. Raabe, O. Billker, K. Wengelnik, unpublished) excluding genetic approaches.
Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as one of the most important regulators of gene function and tissue homeostasis that appear to be amenable for development of novel therapies to treat deleterious mutations and restore cellular function in various diseases.
