Active, wide and equitable constituent participation in policy planning may be effort- and time-consuming but has a potential to empower by delegating agency and influence, and through better responding to current and consensual community needs.
"It's 2,300 pages that affect every facet of the financial services industry," said Justin Daly, a former counsel at the S.E.C. "If you look at a lot of the important provisions, Congress delegates authority to the agencies to make the really tough determinations.
But during the past eighty years the executive branch has come to exert far more control than it once did over areas like working conditions, the environment, and the financial sector, responsibility for which Congress has largely delegated to agencies and departments such as the E.P.A. and the Department of Labor.
Through a system of accountability relationships involving multiple government and public agencies, the public delegates authority to act to medical school deans and teaching hospital CEOs, and then holds them answerable for their performance.
On hand for the discussions are government delegates, UN agency representatives, policy makers, members of national and international non-governmental organizations, civil society leaders and human rights advocates.
Agency theory studies a setting where a "principal" delegates authority to an "agent" who is working on behalf of the principal to perform a task.
I show that outsourcing threatens transparency because when you delegate governmental action to agencies, and those agencies then delegate again to contractors, it is very difficult to have a public debate about what is going on.
Scrutiny of borrowers was delegated to rating agencies, who were paid by the debt-issuers.
The chief Iranian delegate to the agency, Ali Asghar Soltanieh, said investigators should instead focus on Israel's nuclear program.
The United States agreed today to join with other countries to give Iran "a last chance to stop its evasions" and come into compliance before November, said the chief American delegate to the agency, Kenneth Brill.
