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The idea is to dilute the insect gene pool with contributions from these vulnerable individuals, thus delaying the evolution of virulent new strains.
The primary strategy for delaying the evolution of pest resistance to transgenic crops that produce insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) entails refuges of plants that do not produce Bt toxins and thus allow survival of susceptible pests.
Particularly for stellarators but also for tokamaks, geometric complexity, small dimensional tolerances and large size currently imply relatively high fabrication costs, delaying the evolution of the stellarator research line and also hindering tokamaks.
The selection pressure imposed by the widespread use of transgenic technologies can lead to the evolution of insect resistance, and the availability of refuge areas that allow susceptible homozygous insects to survive is a key factor in delaying the evolution of resistance in agricultural landscapes.
This valuable technology depends upon delaying the evolution of resistance.
Accordingly, decreasing the fitness of r males generally has the largest effect on delaying the evolution of resistance, unless costs in females are large and nonrecessive.
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Although the tenets of the standard refuge strategy apply to all pests, this strategy does not greatly delay the evolution of resistance in haplodiploid or parthenogenetic pests.
Furthermore, a node that gets temporally disconnected/unavailable during the system's adaptation process may delay the evolution of the rest of the system since the middleware cannot conclude the software evolution.
We also show that while a given amount of supervision may canalize the evolutionary process in the right direction the addition of unnecessary constraints can delay the evolution of the desired behavior.
For example, biological control agents may delay the evolution of pest resistance to GM crops, and suppress outbreaks of secondary pests not targeted by GM plants, while herbicide-tolerant crops facilitate within-field management of vegetational diversity that can enhance the efficacy of biological control agents.
The least studied of the basic strategies commonly used to delay the evolution of resistance was the mosaic strategy.
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