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Also, Vrany et al. [ 27] reported that P. aeruginosa biofilms delayed penetration and delivery of aminoglycosides, but penetration of fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin occurred without delay.
Particularly, the biofilm mode of growth protects several microorganisms from host defenses and antibacterial drugs, mainly due to a delayed penetration of the drug through the biofilm matrix.
Microorganisms in biofilms are evidently less susceptible to antibiotics, importantly due to altered growth rate and delayed penetration of antimicrobial agents within the biofilm structure (Melchior et al. 2006, 2007).
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The project was scheduled to go live last November, however it was delayed because penetration testing took longer than expected, according to a spokesman for Chartered Systems.
Disadvantages of allogeneic bone grafting include risk of disease transmission, delayed vascular penetration, and delayed or incomplete graft incorporation [ 7, 8].
In M. grisea, hex1 mutants present delayed host penetration and subsequent disruption of invasive hyphal growth in plants.
Although this review focused on efficacy against pathogenic organisms, it should be noted that the common spoilage bacteria, Pseudomonas, are generally resistant to plant antimicrobials due to the production of exopolysaccharide layers that offer protection and delay penetration of antimicrobials [ 3].
Hence, they spread out along and throughout the active layers; which significantly delays the penetration towards the substrate.
This article describes a unique design of multifunctional membrane, comprising of nanoporous inorganic (SiO2) nanosheet layer, in order to uniformly distribute metal-ion flux and delay the penetration of Li dendrites through the separator.
They only delay water penetration, however, and do not prevent it, making them a poor choice in heavy precipitation.
Aztreonam lysine has recently been approved for inhalation for those with P. aeruginosa infection the benefit of which appears to be good sputum penetration, delayed time to next exacerbation and improved lung function [ 25].
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