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They have the shield of anti-discrimination laws, at least in theory, and the means to delay reproduction — if not always support for the demands of family that follow.
The acute stress of these episodes can damage the heart and muscles, separate calves from mothers, and delay reproduction, the researchers found.
If she were wrong in this biased perception of a man's familial investment, it would merely delay reproduction, a much less costly error.
If you want men to get along and women to delay reproduction, try providing a social environment that enables the average person to live into their seventies with a relatively equal sharing of resources.
Therefore, physiological or behavorial responses that delay reproduction will often increase longevity as a side-effect.
Small and young fish may be evolving to delay reproduction while larger and older fish evolve to mature earlier and the fish become mature in a narrower window of length (or age).
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Thus indirect selection effects on male and female reproductive traits caused delayed reproduction both in age and size terms.
Further, we show that the increase in reproductive success that individuals gain by delaying reproduction until conditions improve does not necessarily increase their relative fitness.
Life-history theory attempts to understand ecological factors that shape strategic allocations between size versus number of offspring, reproductive effort versus body maintenance, early versus delayed reproduction, and making the best of current opportunities versus preparing for an uncertain future.
From an evolutionary perspective, inhibition of reproductive function by acute stress may be adaptive, delaying reproduction in times of duress or resource scarcity (Wasser and Barash, 1983; Louis et al., 2011).
Three genotypes, assumed to be equally abundant at time zero, differed only in the age of reproductive maturity and in whether, once mature, they ever delayed reproduction.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com