Before the advent of insulin analogues, the principal method of delaying absorption of injectable insulin preparations was through adding protamine and/or zinc to stabilize insulin hexamers [ 13].
Even under closed-loop (CL) conditions, meal-related blood glucose (BG) excursions frequently exceed target levels as a result of delays in absorption of insulin from the subcutaneous site of infusion.
We report a diabetic patient with panhypopituitarism who developed general fatigue and appetite loss with hypotension because of absorption delay of hydrocortisone in association with exenatide treatment.
The most significant metabolic consequence of exenatide administration appears to involve the delay in absorption of nutrients and the reduced rise in glucose as a consequence, but testing for additional benefits to individuals with residual insulin production may require further experience with larger numbers of subjects and longer use of an agonist.
Reduced glucose tolerance and hyperglycaemia that might be expected is limited with long-term therapy by the ability of octreotide to delay absorption of carbohydrate and to inhibit the secretion of growth hormone and glucagons.
Moreover, the Tmax for both agents was equal, attesting to the fact that there was no delay in absorption of WF in the complex form.
Soluble fibre might be able to delay the absorption of nutrients and bind bile acids in the small intestine, which may increase bile acid excretion [ 43].
Among glucose-lowering medications, α-glucosidase inhibitors which delay the absorption of ingested carbohydrates, reduces the postprandial glucose and insulin peaks [ 21].
Intermediate and longer-acting preparations have been developed allowing less-frequent administration through complexing with zinc (lente and ultralente insulin) or protamine (NPH) which helps delay the absorption of insulin.
A delay in absorption of an oral drug, i.e., a time window between drug administration and start of absorption (during which the drug travels to the absorption site), is easily implemented by shifting the time interval for drug administration by the corresponding period of time.
