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Although the MCF10A parental cell line is ER-negative, the derivative Ras-transformed cell lines show varying degrees of ER positivity and biological responses to estrogen in vitro and in vivo[ 40- 43].
55– 57 Each composition of dimer that is formed is believed to mediate distinct hormonal responses, and different tissues express varying degrees of ER subtypes.
Although the parental nontumorigenic MCF10A cell line is ER negative, the derivative cell lines show varying degrees of ER positivity and biological responses to estrogen in vitro and in vivo, and have other characteristics of ER+ breast cancer (see Methods).
There were highly significant recurrence reductions both in the six trials with no chemotherapy (RR = 0.56) and in the 14 trials of chemotherapy plus tamoxifen versus the same chemotherapy alone (RR = 0.67), and there was a slightly greater effect of tamoxifen in those with greater degrees of ER positivity in both trial categories [ 13].
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The vast majority of patients given endocrine therapy had some degree of ER expression, with only 24 patients being given tamoxifen for ER totally negative tumours.
These data suggest that reovirus infection may also induce some degree of ER stress in wild-type Ras cells.
Correlations between gene expression and ER in the current dataset were therefore made in relation to degree of ER expression rather than to ER positivity or negativity.
ER chaperones are essential for normal protein folding and key components of the ER-induced UPR (UPRER), a cellular mechanism limiting the degree of ER stress due to the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER (Walter and Ron, 2011).
Biomarker studies confirmed the superiority of letrozole in centrally assessed estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors and found a strong relationship with the degree of ER positivity for both agents.
Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) of ERYFP was finally used to quantitatively assess the ER integrity, as the speed with which fluorescence returns to the photobleached region is dependent on the degree of ER luminal contiguity.
This might explain the slightly larger tumour size seen in the group of patients treated by PET, although the distribution appears similar in both groups in terms of the degree of ER positivity (Table 1).
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