A close look at Ekman's data suggests that he may exaggerate the degree of universality.
Since most of those constrains are common to human nature, those patterns show also a large degree of universality across individuals.
Therefore, despite potential differences between the Brazilian context and the context in which other interventions were performed, one can assume that, to some extent, there is some degree of universality in the possibility of gains on EF resulting from interventions in the school context.
It may seem as somewhat paradoxical that it is exactly these experimental disciplines of biology that limit their research to the smallest part of life's diversity that aspire to the greatest degree of universality.
Fig. 6 shows the degree of universality of individual brain region across participants but within each group.
Or conversely, the degree of universality at frontal regions was minimal across all brain regions in artists during visual perception.
(i) The degree of universality was overall higher (i.e. MKL values are lower) in mental imagery than in visual perception condition (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p = 0.038).
In non-artists, the least degree of universality was found in right frontal region (F8, Wilcoxon p<0.037 for perception vs rest and p<0.013 for imagery vs rest).
More work will also be required to investigate the degree of universality of such analysis i.e. whether a class of proteins with similar characteristics have the same critical exponent [39].
A recent study indicated that 23S rRNA genes also contain conserved regions for designing broad-range primers with a similar degree of universality to the broad-range primers for 16S rRNA genes [10].
