A certain degree of stakeholder participation is recommended not only in the assessment process, but also during the framework design to support stakeholders' sustainability education and action.
There was some degree of stakeholder participation, which, however, was compromised by the fact that it was uncoordinated, involved a few stakeholders (it excluded the generality of the residents) and tended to occur outside the designated formal channels.
The participatory modeling philosophy is expressed in a number of methodological frameworks that vary according to the mechanisms and degree of stakeholder participation: Barreteau has noted, participatory modeling and simulation paradigms are quite diverse in the details of their implementation [44, 45].
Thus, the degree of stakeholder participation had the strongest influence of the reasonableness of decision-making and was significant.
A higher degree of stakeholder participation (path coefficient 0.486; p < 0.001) and transparency (0.208; p =��0.098) increased the degree of making reasonable coverage decisions.
The case study reveals that the influence from the degree of stakeholder participation on reasonableness is about twice as influential as the degree of transparency in European NBS decisions.
Our analysis of the relationships between stakeholders using the "4C" framework presents complex relationships and varying degrees of stakeholder involvement depending on the country in question.
We have observed all five degrees of stakeholder participation in the evaluation, as described by Patton [ 28]: information, consulting, involvement, collaboration and empowerment (p. 80-1).
The first aim of this study was to develop an exploratory typology of ICPs based on the perceived degree of integration of stakeholders at the professional, organisational and system levels.
In all cases, such documents detail some degree of consensus from stakeholders.
