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The latter might be characterized by some degree of leptin resistance, because of the decreasing effect of leptin on plasma PON-1 activity in Wistar rats [68], and hyperleptinemia in GK rats.
Although leptin production is positively correlated with the percentage of body fat, it is postulated that obese individuals, with hyperleptinemia, have some degree of leptin resistance [ 10].
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NAMPT levels correlated with BMI (Fig. 1b) and other variables of obesity and body fat, including BMI SDS as a normalised index of the degree of overweight, leptin as a biomarker of fat mass, and skinfold thickness as an index of subcutaneous fat (Table 1).
No statistically significant difference was observed in the transcript level of leptin between leptin shRNA lnASCs and leptin shRNA obASCs.
Although pair-fed mice displayed certain degree of improved circulating leptin and adiponectin concentrations, the effects were relatively marginal and not as pronounced as seen in 3 mg Boc5-treated animals (P = 0.0003 for leptin and P = 0.0444 for adiponectin; Figures 1F and 1G).
There is high degree of homology in leptin from different species [ 38].
In these latter forms, leptin levels tend to be unexpectedly low for the degree of adiposity, suggesting that leptin may be differentially secreted by different fat depots.
There was no significant difference in the degree of association between fetal leptin and the various individual markers of adiposity.
There was no significant difference in the degree of association between cord leptin and each circumference or skinfolds using simple linear regression (Additional file 2: Table S2).
In addition leptin and adiponectin concentrations are determined by the degree of obesity, directly in the case of leptin and inversely in the case of adiponectin [32], [33].
The rationale for our study is based on the fact that, in patients with mild, moderate, or severe OSA, the adipokines could be used as disease markers that reflect the balance between the degree of overproduction and/or resistance to leptin versus the degree of underproduction of adiponectin.
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