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Any such correlations might "constrain" the ability of the internal marker to reflect the degree of confounding amplification that is influencing the nonincluded confounders.
We varied the degree of confounding across simulated studies.
Cage information is displayed below each animal when known and indicates a fair degree of confounding between cages and families.
The difference between the cohort and intersiblings estimates was used as a crude measure of the degree of confounding.
Although we identified AUROC values that protected against obtaining incorrect results, the accuracy of risk-adjustment necessary depended on the population studied, study size, and degree of confounding.
33 Inevitably, this has limited the extent of our conclusions and has the potential to have produced a degree of confounding.
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These analyses involved adjusting the effect size estimates and 95% confidence limits for varying degrees of confounding by unmeasured variables (a possible example: tragic life events) [ 19].
This might be due to different degrees of confounding from factors that are associated with serum osteocalcin level, such as metabolic-related variables.
The lack of consistency might be due to different study populations, or different degrees of confounding from factors that are associated with serum osteocalcin level, such as metabolic-related variables.
While we could adjust for these differences using multivariate regression models, we cannot exclude some degree of residual confounding or confounding by unmeasured factors such as a carryover effect of the previous anti-TNF agent.
§: % proportional difference in absolute degree of estimated confounded between estimates for the specific aggregation scenario and the basic scenario at the same variable selection method on the natural log scale with RCT finding of 0.5.
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