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Inside each country we first assumed that all the cropland areas on peatland are fully degrading, and therefore all the CL areas have been assigned land degradation factor 1. We then calculated a degradation ratio (between 0, non-degraded, to 1, fully degraded) using the area of degraded peatland by country reported by ref. 10.
The second degradation factor considered is fatigue which leads to damage in concrete and steel rebar.
The equation incorporates the material degradation factor at elevated temperature and stress-strain non-linearity factor.
In addition, the nonlinear behaviour of shear wall panels is simulated by a stiffness degradation factor.
Kinetics have been studied to assess the molecule's shelf life and to identify the most important degradation factor.
To accept performance degradation of the post-fault system, a degradation factor is introduced into the REFERENCE model.
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Environmental degradation factors and the degrading effects of prior loadings are included.
Sludge and biogas are produced from the following degradable compounds (where the assumed degradation factors are given in parentheses): sugars, proteins, lipids, acetic acid (1.00) and extractives (0.25).
Despite the great progress, the user-friendliness of iris-based recognition systems is still a challenging issue and degrades significantly when iris images are affected by degradation factors such as motion blurriness, lack of focus, and eyelids and eyelashes occlusion.
An elaborate network of molecular chaperones and protein degradation factors continually monitor and maintain the integrity of the proteome.
Porosity, large cracks, sintering, and high monoclinic YSZ phase contents were seen as primary degradation factors.
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