The two organizations "defrauded well-intentioned donors and turned funds meant for good into funds for evil," Paul O'Neill, the treasury secretary, said at a news conference.
Regulators are seeking financial restitution for investors who were defrauded as well as fines, but are also aiming to claw back more than $7 million in bonus and other incentive payments received by Mr. Morrice and Ms. Dodge.
Those accused of fraudulently taking tests face felony charges of scheming to defraud, as well as misdemeanor charges of falsifying business records and criminal impersonation.
Some of the names evoke strongly negative emotions, such as Kenneth Lay of Enron, or Calisto Tanzi of Parmelat (both of whom defrauded other businesses as well as investors, causing massive financial damage to thousands of persons).
The practice may defraud shareholders, as well as altering the appropriate accounting and tax treatment of the option grants.
In a related case, Conair's former director of imports and international shipping pleaded guilty in federal court yesterday to charges he had organized a separate scheme to defraud Conair as well as the Internal Revenue Service.
In addition to charges stemming from an LJM agreement, Mr. Fastow will also be accused in the complaint of engaging in a series of transactions that were intended to defraud Enron as well as others, people involved in the case said.
The appeals became so convoluted that Universal's lawyers found themselves arguing that Mr. Moore may very well have been defrauded but that his signature was not forged.
Something about the idea that these well-intentioned innocent people are being defrauded seems to be exceptionally sadistic.
Prosecutors, as well as the company, contend that Mr. Kozlowski defrauded Tyco by awarding himself and others unauthorized compensation, mostly in the form of bonuses and loans that were later forgiven.
"The art market is the only market in Venezuela that hasn't defrauded the consumer," said Mr. Zabaleta, whose paintings go for $25,000 and sell well here in Caracas, as well as in Miami.
