Animals that have the virus and become pregnant have either miscarriages, stillbirths or offspring with deformities such as a twisted neck, brain abnormalities or contracted limbs.
"The very high prevalence of infection on some farms – up to 100% of animals – raises an interesting question: is there some other form of local spread, such as oral-fecal spread, or aerosol?" Animals that contract Schallenberg virus while pregnant have miscarriages, stillbirths or offspring with deformities such as a twisted necks, brain abnormalities or contracted limbs.
These include cleft lip and palate, omphalocele, urogenital and craniofacial abnormalities, skeletal deformities such as a caudal appendage or scoliosis, and hernias of the umbillicus.
We also observed some distinct body trunk deformities, such as a curved tail (rps3a, Figure 2F), twisted tail (rps29, Figure 2G), or sharply bent tail (rp135a, Figure 2H).
Some deformities such as a short, stocky body do not hurt the fish and some people actually breed for such deformities.
Nasal septal pathology including; congenital deformities such as an abnormal septum or polyps, previous cauterisation, rhinoplasty or surgery of any kind, recurrent epistaxis.
Several skeletal deformities, such as an undulatin notochord and fused cervical rings induced by OP pesticides including DZN have been observed in the study by Misawa et al. [ 23].
In a minority of cases spinal stenosis is accompanied with a spinal deformity such as severe spondylolisthesis or scoliosis.
The observations regarding temperature-guided avoidance therapy are only applicable to similar populations, that is, high-risk diabetic patients with a history of foot ulceration or lower-extremity amputation or patients with peripheral sensory neuropathy with loss of protective sensation, with a foot deformity such as hallux valgus or claw toes.
