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Instability and deformity, such as the swan-neck deformity, may result from these compensatory changes.
Although it is common after a tooth or dental implant extraction, patent opening to the maxillary sinus can also be induced by a pathological condition such as osteonecrosis, cyst, or tumor, or by congenital deformity such as cleft palate.
In a minority of cases spinal stenosis is accompanied with a spinal deformity such as severe spondylolisthesis or scoliosis.
Polyostotic lesions are larger and can be associated with deformity, such as coxa vara, shepherd's crook deformity of the proximal femur and bowing of the tibia.
In dogs, cervical vertebral fusion anomalies are not clinically significant unless there is spinal instability or deformity, such as atlantoaxial instability, spinal stenosis, or angulation [ 24, 29].
Craniofacial neurofibromatosis can lead to not only soft tissue deformity but also bone deformity such as skull and facial bone deformity.
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Animals that have the virus and become pregnant have either miscarriages, stillbirths or offspring with deformities such as a twisted neck, brain abnormalities or contracted limbs.
Lack of vitamin D in children causes rickets, a disease characterized by inadequate mineralization of bone, growth retardation, and skeletal deformities such as bowed legs.
Reduction involved the use of pressure and traction to straighten or otherwise correct bone and joint deformities such as curvature of the spine.
"The very high prevalence of infection on some farms – up to 100% of animals – raises an interesting question: is there some other form of local spread, such as oral-fecal spread, or aerosol?" Animals that contract Schallenberg virus while pregnant have miscarriages, stillbirths or offspring with deformities such as a twisted necks, brain abnormalities or contracted limbs.
Characteristics of the syndrome include severe mental and growth retardation; congenital heart disease and other internal defects; and a multitude of bodily deformities, such as low-set and malformed ears, cleft lip and palate, a receding chin, convex soles of the feet, a webbed neck, and fingers bent in a unique configuration.
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