Good 3D points are like anchor points which are stable and hold the shape of the object for any rigid deformation or transformation [48].
During deformation, martensitic transformation first occurs in the retained austenite with low carbon content, followed by those with high carbon content, which is denominated "selective transformation mechanism".
The approach of capturing the first critical velocity of the deformation mode transformation in uniform cellular materials was extended to the graded cases.
The above results can be understood reasonably if orientation-dependent deformation and transformation characteristics are taken into account.
Before deformation, the transformation of austenite to thermally induced ε-martensite on cooling was suppressed as the carbon content increases.
The model is used to simulate the localized deformation and transformation front propagation in NiTi strip under quasi-static extension.
Experimental deformation and transformation textures were produced via torsion experiments at a temperature of 320°C and a subsequent quenching procedure in liquid nitrogen.
In this work, three-dimensional metal-matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced by shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are modeled and simulated, by adopting an SMA constitutive model accounting for elastic deformation, phase transformation and plastic behavior.
Also, erosion with 500 mg/l sand at 15 m/s in de-aerated tap water was able to cause subsurface deformation, phase transformation and an increase in hardness on the stainless steels.
