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The prevalence of deflagrative versus spontaneous ignition front propagation is found to depend on the local temperature gradient, and may be identified by the ratio of the instantaneous front speed to the laminar deflagration speed.
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Predictions using this approach of deflagration speeds in dusty aluminum-air gases agree well with experiments and show evidence of a maximum flame speed for a given mass loading.
It was found that average turbulent velocity fluctuations greater than the laminar flame speed by an order of magnitude were required in order to maintain wave velocities above the Chapman Jouguet (CJ -deflagration veloCJ -deflagrationa precursor requirement for detonation re-initiation to occur.
The first model describes the dust deflagration, using a flame speed approach.
The results demonstrate that the flame shape changes, flame tip speed and deflagration overpressure in the initial stage are not affected by the obstacles with different BRs and spatial configurations.
Three regimes of propagation were observed: (1) a turbulent deflagration with typical flame speeds less than 100 m/s, (2) a "choking" regime with the flame speed corresponding to the speed of sound of the combustion products, 700 to 900 m/s, and (3) a quasi-detonation regime with a wave speed ranging from 50% to 100% of the Chapman-Jouguet value.
Heat-sensitive film was used to confirm that the events seen using high-speed photography were indeed deflagration.
In order to determine this kinetics, the evaporation front is assumed to propagate at the maximum admissible speed corresponding to the Chapman Jouguet deflagration point [J.R., Simões-Moreira, J.E., Shepherd, Evaporation waves in superheated dodecane, J. Fluid Mech. 382 (1999 63 866].
The major problem that remains to be resolved involves the understanding of the effect of turbulence on the cellular detonation structure, the propagation of high-speed deflagrations and the transition from deflagration to detonations.
In some situations the flame can reach a sufficiently high speed to allow the transition of the deflagration into a detonation.
The cross-wise obstacle positions are found to have significant effects on deflagration characteristics, such as flame structure, flame front location, flame speed, and overpressure transients.
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