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New York state had been changing its test scoring so that it was progressively easier for students to rank as proficient; this year, it recalibrated its definition of proficiency to a higher standard, and school results plummeted.
"The state's definition of proficiency needs to be tethered to a more demanding standard".
The exams, state education officials said, had become too easy to pass, their definition of proficiency no longer meaningful.
He suggests that making NAEP the definition of proficiency for the nation could be used to make public schools look bad so our education system could be privatized by right-wing zealots.
This approach avoids the problems you describe with New York State's definition of "proficiency," because it looks at each student's progress across the whole scale, rather than focusing on a single, arbitrary line, and better predicts high school success.
Unless the underlying framework of a rating scale takes some account of linguistic theory and research in the definition of proficiency, the validity of the scale will be limited (Lantolf & Frawley, 1985).
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It is seen by experts as an important way to compare student performance across states, which have their own standards and definitions of proficiency.
The National Centre for Educational Statistics (NCES), a federal body, looked at how the states' definitions of "proficiency" at maths and reading compared with its own rigorous one.
The opening chapter of section one, by Kenyon, warns that constructs and definitions of proficiency levels are not "a law of nature". Linking performances to proficiency levels is "a socially-moderated [End Page 268] endeavor" (p. 23).
Meanwhile, too many kids who fall behind in reaching what are often narrowly constructed definitions of proficiency quickly become disillusioned.
Similarly, our study based the definition of bilinguals (proficiency and frequency of usage) on empirically supported components of language use (Luk & Bialystok, 2013).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com