Two alternative definitions of attributable risk are proposed, assuming backward or forward perspectives.
These extended definitions of attributable risk account for the additional temporal dimension which characterizes exposure-response associations, providing more appropriate attributable measures in the presence of dependencies characterized by potentially complex temporal patterns.
In this contribution, we propose extended definitions of attributable risk within the framework of distributed lag non-linear models, an approach recently proposed for modelling delayed associations in either linear or non-linear exposure-response associations.
"Consistent with his ethics agreement, the Secretary's financial disclosure forms use the government's definition of assets attributable to him". Ross would not have been required to disclose assets that earned income in 2016 if he had transferred those assets to children in prior years.
In this paper we offer a formal and more consistent definition of such attributable risk measures.
The distributional transitions, the definition of the attributable fraction, the unavoidable costs (costs resulting from previous exposure), and the avoidable fraction, based on different counterfactual situations, can be presented graphically [see [ 69]].
The definition of population attributable fraction used here is thus the mean proportion in risk reduction over seven years that would be obtained if a specific exposure was entirely eliminated from the population while the distribution of other risk factors remains unchanged.
A general definition of the attributable fraction AF x and number AN x for a given exposure x can be provided by: (1a) AF x = 1 − exp − β x, (1b) AN x = n · AF x, with n as the total number of cases.
The definition of forward attributable number f - AN x, t r and fraction f - AF x, t r limited to exposures within the range r is clear-cut, as they are either equal to the quantities reported in Eq. (6) if x∈ r or zero otherwise.
