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Schistosomes send immunosuppressory signals in the form of neuropeptides to both the definite host (man) and the intermediate host (snail) [17].
Man is the only definite host [ 143, 144].
The definite host is infected by ingesting the cyst-containing organs of the intermediate host [ 177].
Considering the importance of the proboscis for the attachment of acanthocephalans to the definite host's intestinal wall, the latter step can be regarded as a key event towards the evolution of acanthocephalan endoparasitism.
Productive conference calls also take place when there is a definite host (assertive to steer the meeting's agenda), and active and focused participants.
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Four Polish cities — Gdansk, Poznan, Warsaw and Wroclaw — are definite hosts.
Outbred Swiss mice were used as definite hosts.
Their definite hosts are vertebrates, while their intermediate hosts are insects, chilopods and crustaceans (e.g., Meyer [ 7]).
From an epidemiological standpoint, digenetic trematodes show marked specificity for their intermediate hosts but can infect a broad spectrum of definite hosts.
CNRS scientists are assigned a definite project and host lab, according to their preferences and the needs of research departments; Collard was appointed at the Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire in Orsay to search for the Higgs boson.
Even endoprosthesis needs a definite amount of residual host bone for adequate fixation of the stem after resection, and this is a limiting factor to their use in such cases [11].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com