Recently, efforts are focused more on understanding the normal bone regenerative process where multiple factors interact in a defined temporal and spatial cascade of events.
PFGE is suited for studying isolates from a defined temporal and spatial epidemiologic setting, whereas MLST has an advantage in defining clonal lineages of isolates from larger geographic areas over time [ 50].
This allows users to define temporal, spatial, and destination constraints which have to hold for single items.
Defining the temporal and spatial expression patterns of genes that specify the phenotype of corticospinal neurons will be invaluable in understanding how lesions and infections can perturb the protomap during cortical development and how to produce corticospinal neurons from stem cells for the repair of brain following neonatal hypoxia or adult stroke.
More recently, GIS has been used in conjunction with computer-based geographic models and analysis tools for predicting contaminant transport and fate, extrapolating between data points to identify potential pathways and routes of exposure, and defining the temporal and spatial distribution of exposure across the study population (Beyea and Hatch 1999; Georgopoulos et al. 1997; Jarup 2004).
Ideally, such an intracellular input would be (i) genetically encoded, (ii) able to be turned on and off in defined temporal or spatial patterns, (iii) fast to switch between on and off states, and (iv) orthogonal to other cellular processes.
When defining a LoC, it is not only important to discriminate between different taxa but also to define the temporal and spatial boundaries for which a LoC is supposed to be valid.
It is therefore important to define the temporal and spatial regulation of the tachykinins and hemokinins in the periphery in response to challenge.
Here, we validate this approach, testing for differential uterine horn hyperglycemic exposure using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and glucose metabolic tracers to define the temporal and spatial disposition of locally infused glucose.
These studies could help define the temporal and spatial requirements in different cell types throughout the development of the mammary gland.
The upstream regulatory regions of the subfamily A members were finally analyzed in order to provide insight into the transcriptional regulation machineries that define the temporal and spatial expression and the stimuli responses.
