The guide presents a process for performance-based design centered around the following major steps: defining the project scope, identifying the fire safety goals, defining stakeholder and design objectives, developing performance criteria, developing design fire scenarios, developing trial designs, evaluating trial designs, and selecting final design.
Instead of companies focusing exclusively on the bottom line and maximizing shareholder value, the nonprofit wants companies to give meaningful weight to stakeholders' perspectives when making decisions, and defines stakeholders to include employees and customers as well as the communities businesses serve and the environment in which they operate.
Mitchell et al. (1997) defined stakeholders' salience theory based on their characteristics, legitimacy, power, and urgency, which provide a theoretical basis for this paper.
Actions needed are: a) clarify stakeholder involvement purposes; b) define stakeholders to involve; c) motivate the previous point); d) discuss methods for achieving involvement; e) explain who should organise the process.
The policy conformance and enforcement components ensure that a radio does not violate machine understandable policies, which are encoded in a declarative language and which define stakeholders' goals and requirements.
We defined stakeholders as "all parties who will be affected by or will affect" the issue [25].
Varvasovsky and Brugha [ 26] (p. 341) define stakeholders as "actors who have an interest in the issue under consideration, who are affected by the issue, or who - because of their position - have or could have an active or passive influence on the decision-making and implementation processes.
Donaldson and Preston (1995) define stakeholder considerations as normative (describing why stakeholder interests impact the firm), descriptive (describing the "how" of taking the stakeholder's interest into account), instrumental (judging the benefits impacting stakeholder interests) and managerial (relationship management and decision-making).
Grimble et al [[ 13], p. 3 4] define stakeholder analysis as "an approach for understanding a system by identifying the key actors or stakeholders in the system, and assessing their respective interest in that system".
Another Dutch project focused on the societal output at the level of medical research departments at the Leiden University Medical Center, and defined stakeholder specific indicators of societal impact in the areas of knowledge production, knowledge exchange, knowledge use and earning capacity [ 21].
