Based on the orthologous gene repertoire of such regions defining dominance and sensitivity, we established that A6 = S (1,237 retained orthologs characterized in grasses), A4 = D (1,688 orthologs), A7 = D + S (with 1,316 orthologs for the sister fragment of A6 and 1,322 orthologs for the sister fragment of A4).
Furthermore, animal societies have typically been placed into one of two categories: those with defined dominance relationships and those with undefined, or egalitarian, relationships, e.g., [7].
As we are mainly interested here to explore host population-level processes, we define "dominance blocks" as groupings of undefined numbers of consecutive variants.
Consequently, redfronted lemurs are limited in reducing costly conflicts through defined dominance ranks.
Despite the prediction of socioecological models of female relationships that female coalitions co-occur with clearly defined dominance hierarchies, other studies of Old World monkeys have also found coalition formation among females to be rare (blue monkeys, Cords 2002) or nonexistent (chacma baboons, Barrett et al. 1999).
This raises the hypothesis that underexpressed genes in sensitive subgenomes are more likely to become deleted or transposed, leading to long-term pseudogenization, a process defining subgenome dominance, because these genes may be less important for maintenance of a perfect gene product balance and are thus less essential for fitness (Freeling et al. 2012).
Table 8 shows these results for each experimental design according to sub-set of choice taks that are defined as i) at least weakly dominant, and ii) the remaining choice tasks with no defined design dominance.
EDGAR MARTINEZ (FIRST YEAR) If a Hall of Famer is defined by dominance at his position, Martinez should be a lock.
Nonetheless, it is important to define strict/weak dominance in terms of mixed strategies because there are games in which a pure strategy is strictly (weakly) dominated by a mixed strategy, but not by any of the other pure strategies.
Given two sets of vertices X and Y, let (P_{XY} ={p_{xy}| xin X, yin Y}) denote the set of all pairwise shortest paths between the elements of X and Y, we further define closed dominance and minimum closed dominance as follows: (Closed dominance) A vertex set U is said to be a closed dominance of (P_{XY}), iff (P_{XY} subset bigcup _{uin U}{u_vdash }^P).
Both male and female native Amazonian raters were able to evaluate a man's social status, as defined by dominance and knowledge, just by looking at a photograph of his face, using much poorer information than available in reality.
