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Thus defining affirmative action within food security programs may be necessary as the current practice of designing food security programs around the poverty line is shown to deliver limited results.
NEW YORK -- During his tenure as president of the University of Michigan, Lee Bollinger's name became attached, for better or worse, with two of the key cases defining affirmative action in America's schools.
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The Ministry of Health's Personnel Procedures Manual defined affirmative action as 'a process whereby action is taken to end unfair discrimination... without evoking perceptions of reverse discrimination among certain groups.' But the Manual also stated that 'Government expects managers to... consider primarily disadvantaged persons when they recruit new staff members' [ 27].
She suggested at the time that only Antioch College had "a defined affirmative-consent approach" -- although higher ed consultants say at least 800 colleges have some variation in place.
While a score of 6 or more of the original 12-item BCDRS has been used to define depression, affirmative responses to 5 or more of the 9 administered BCDRS items were used to define patients as having "depressive symptoms" for the purposes of our study.
Hypertension was defined by affirmative answer to the question "Do you have high blood pressure?" Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and classified in four groups (underweight <20, normal 20 24.9, overweight ≥ 25 29.9 and obesity ≥ 30 kg/m).
This was defined as an affirmative response to the either question: "Have you been on probation in the past 12 months?" or "Have you been on parole in the past 12 months?" Statistical analyses were conducted using SAS Version 9.2 (Cary, NC).
Incident asthma was defined as an affirmative answer to "having been hospitalized or treated by a physician for asthma".
Coronary heart disease (CHD) was defined by an affirmative response to at least one of CHD, angina, or heart attack.
Current asthma was defined as an affirmative answer to; "Have you during the past 12 months experienced asthmatic symptoms, i.e. periodical or attacks of difficulties to breath or dyspnoea?
Food security is defined as 0 2 affirmative responses; low food security as 3 7 affirmative responses; and very low food security as 8 or more affirmative responses to the questionnaire [ 18].
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