On October 8th the House of Representatives passed a bill, named after Shepard, that defines violence against people because of their sexual orientation as a hate crime, which can carry a harsher punishment.
Arendt defines violence based on its merely instrumental property (depersonalization of violence), on the refusal of organicistic metaphors of violence (denaturalization of violence), and through the loss of the magical or demoniac characteristic that are commonly attributed to it (demythification of violence).
The United Nations defines violence against women as "any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion, or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life" [ 2].
The UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women defines violence against women as ".... any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual, or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life" [ 30].
The 1993 United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women defines violence against women as encompassing, but not limited to three areas: violence occurring in the family, within the general community and violence perpetrated or condoned by the State.
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) defines violence as "all forms of physical or mental violence, injury and abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child" (Article 19 CRC).
Catch22: Does Pinker define violence as purely physical violence against another person?
(Mr. Laursen and many other anarchists define violence as physical harm to people).
The researchers defined violence as "intentional acts (eg to cause harm, to coerce, or for fun) where the aggressor makes or attempts to make some physical contact that has potential to inflict injury or harm".
Studies should move from simply defining violence towards quantification across different dimensions of violence and using multiple sources of information.
In 1993, the United Nations general assembly defined violence against women as any act of gender-based violence that causes physical or psychological harm to women.
