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The reversibility index is defined using the formula where N is the total number of reactants (substrates plus products) and Q″ is the reaction quotient at characteristic physiological concentrations.
The percentage excess of calls by women over those by men were computed for these two divisions of the lunar month as defined, using the formula (Nw/Nm - 1) × 100% where Nm and Nw are the call totals.
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Lactate clearance was defined using the following formula: lactate on admission (hour 0) − lactate at hour 6 (H6), divided by lactate on admission, then multiplied by 100.
Therefore, Cmm is a non-parametric Cusum algorithm defined using the following formula: y n = y n - 1 + Z n - a if y n ≥ 0 0 if y n < 0 (1).
In the present work, the transition metal M substitutes Ti in the calculated models, and the impurity formation energy Eform M) could thus be defined using the following formula [38, 39]: E form M = E total M - E total pure - μ M + μ Ti, (2).
This probability is updated for each subsequent A[ j] increment of the dataset and can be succinctly defined using the Bayes' formula.
The free energy at time (t) was defined using the following formula: (1) F (s, t ) = − T + Δ T Δ T V (s, t ), where F s, t) stands for the free energy at time t, V s, t) is the bias potential added to the system, and T is the temperature used for this simulation.
Expected D e, e′) and Density D e, e′) are defined using the same formulas and the corresponding confidence strip.
After equilibration of diffusion and the VEGF receptors, Dirichlet BCs were converted into Neumann BCs specified by q and kclear, defined using the following formulas: (18) (19) Due to averaging over the respective boundaries, these equations only approximately specify the conditions, g0 and V0; however this is sufficient for our study.
Mechanism motions are sketched or defined using mathematical formulas.
An important message of this review is that many indicators are not but should be precisely defined, using formulas when necessary, to facilitate their assessment and comparability.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com