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In our construction the temporal profile of the phase is expressed (phi(t) = phi_{0}+frac{pi}{2} 1-y(t))), where (y(t)in{pm1}) is a binary-valued switching function defined to change sign at the application of each π-shift.
One simple heuristic search algorithm is greedy hill-climbing algorithm, where three types of operators are defined to change one edge at each step: adding an edge, removing an edge, and reversing an edge.
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A cost function C is defined to quantify changes in behavior of the decoupled system resulting from perturbations in the parameter set (Equation 16).
A significant size change was defined to be ≥5 mm change for popliteal cysts and ≥2 mm for other lesions.
An exponentially decreasing input function was defined to model the change of culture medium.
All these studies highlight how patients' attitudes towards illness should be accounted for while defining motivation to change [ 20] and investigated at the beginning of treatment [ 51].
A new measure, the Volcano Fatality Index, is defined to explore temporal changes in societal vulnerability to volcanic hazards.
Three factors (fA, fht, and fsp) are defined to describe the morphological changes quantitatively through proposed formulas.
Firstly, the interface integrity extent (IIE) and its rate of change were defined to describe the ice de-bonding behavior.
With its strategy newly defined, Mr. Naqvi decided to change the firm's name.
We defined it by responsiveness to change, market opportunity, marketing expertise, human capital, alliances and partnerships, and prospects for growth.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com