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The mean of the population distribution is often defined to be zero, i.e., μ = 0.
In case that the target BER is not fulfilled, the data rate of a user u is defined to be zero, i.e., R ̄ ( u ) = 0.
(When ki is zero or one, Ci is defined to be zero).
When ki is one, Ci is defined to be zero.
The distance between these points on separate orthants is defined to be zero, thus forming a geodesic space.
The depth of the extant individual is defined to be zero and the value progressively increases as one traverses the ARG away from the terminal leaf nodes.
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A stationary point a in R of a function f : R → R is defined to be one in whose vicinity "infinitesimal variations" fail to change the value of f, that is, such that f(a + ε) = f(a) for all ε.
PLS-DA and PCA normalizes the populations to have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one for every metabolite; In CA normalization, however, the whole matrix is defined to be one and each element is a portion of one.
The characteristic function χ x, y) is defined to be the zero level set of a Lipschitz continuous object function 𝒪 : → such that 𝒪 > 0 in Ω(x, y), 𝒪 < 0 in Ω\ and 𝒪(x, y) = 0 in ∂Ω.
An α-helix was defined to be at least five residues long in a coiled or spiral conformation.
The major difference among the rules is the different settings of the gap, which is defined to be the distance between two successive vehicles.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com