This then raises questions around how we define supervision, what we require of supervisors, and how we prepare incumbents for what they will be faced with in the field.
Kilminster et al. [ 10] defined clinical supervision in the context of trainees in 2007, but their definition from 2000 refers to doctors rather than trainees, [We define clinical supervision as] The provision of monitoring, guidance and feedback on matters of personal, professional and educational development in the context of the doctor's care of patients.
The authors of this review [ 26] defined clinical supervision as "a support mechanism for practising professionals within which they can share clinical, organisational, development and emotional experiences with another professional in a secure confidential environment in order to enhance knowledge and skills" (page 4).
[We define clinical supervision as] The provision of monitoring, guidance and feedback on matters of personal, professional and educational development in the context of the doctor's care of patients.
The reference guides for postgraduate specialist and general practice training in the UK do not define clinical supervision, but describe its functions in terms of overseeing clinical work, providing constructive feedback, and teaching the need for safer practice and better patient care [ 7, 8].
To measure changes in service quality between the two rounds of supervision, we calculated percentages of satisfactory performance in the areas defined in the supervision checklist.
Job dissatisfaction may also arise when specific supportive resources are lacking, such as flexible scheduling strategies, nursing bedside supervision, defined role and skill requirements, policies and guidelines (e.g. admission and discharge, etc)., and stress management.
We could hypothesize a proportional relationship between the holding size and the level of supervision, defined in this setting as the regular observation of the holding by the farmer.
Successful interventions can be based on empirically-supported cognitive, behavioural and interpersonal techniques that are adapted for the local context and involved well-defined supervision protocols led by experts (Patel, Chowdhary, Rahman, & Verdeli, 2011).
There is growing impetus for a move towards supportive supervision, which is defined as "an approach to supervision that emphasizes joint problem-solving, mentoring and two-way communication between the supervisor and those being supervised" [ 19].
General supervision was defined by Soviet writers on administrative law as meaning supervision by the procurators over legality in administration.
