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Using meta-analysis of directly observed and imputed SNP genotypes and imputed classic HLA types, we identified the MHC locus as a bona fide susceptibility locus with effects on sJIA risk that transcended geographically defined strata.
Lexis expansion [15] was used to examine malaria incidence in defined strata following each dose of IPTi, allowing week-specific estimates of protective efficacy (1-Incidence rate ratio, IRR (SP versus placebo)%) to be calculated.
Two frequency histograms described episode duration, and frequency of total swabs within logarithmically defined strata.
We observed no heterogeneity by ethnicity within a defined strata for any risk factor (e.g. current smokers; Table 3).
The overall effectiveness of treatment with respect to mortality was assessed using the Cox regression model with defined strata.
Coarse adjustment may result in residual confounding, the problem that differences across facilities may exist within broadly defined strata.
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Our method correctly classifies genes by previously defined stratum boundaries, and consistent with recent suggestions (Lemaitre et al. 2009a; Wilson and Makova 2009), we find evidence of two strata within the previously described stratum 3 (fig. 1 and table 1).
There was potential benefit in the prospectively defined stratum of patients with less severe septic shock (5 to 14 μg/minute norepinephrine at randomization): vasopressin may have lowered mortality compared with norepinephrine (26% versus 36%, respectively, P = 0.04 within stratum).
However, in the prospectively defined stratum of less severe septic shock, the mortality rate was lower in the vasopressin group than in the norepinephrine group at 28 days (26.5% versus 35.7%, P = 0.05); there continues to be a concern that sympathetic agonism is detrimental to at least some patients with septic shock.
Tertiles derived from aggregate case and control data for pedestrian volume and vehicle speed and volume were used to define strata in the risk factor analyses.
They can also be used to define strata in clinical trials to ensure comparability of treatment groups.
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