The force-displacement relationship for each pier is defined based on the governing failure mode, which is taken as the failure mode of least lateral resistance.
In the present paper, the authors develop an integrated framework focusing on defining the governing parameters for the thermal runaway and evaluating the subsequent risk of accident.
To quantify the epistemic uncertainty, we solve an encapsulation problem, which is a solution to the original governing equations defined on the estimated range of the input variables.
Its spatio-temporal behaviour is governed by nonlinear integro-differential equations defined on the Poincaré disc model of the two-dimensional hyperbolic space.
Sampling specifications are ideally defined on the basis of the required precision, however, more often than not, are governed by time constraints and labour costs.
In order to calculate the complex arc plasma combined thermal flow dynamics with electromagnetics, we firstly should define the governing equations on these fields and interface them with multidisciplinary simulation techniques, which include thermal flow and electromagnetic fields simultaneously.
By using this GDQ technique the governing differential or partial differential equations defined on all elements, the transition conditions on the inter-element boundary of two adjacent elements and the boundary conditions can be discretized.
Before applying the spectral method, it is convenient to transform the domain on which the governing equation is defined to the interval [ − 1, 1 ] on which the spectral method can be implemented.
Before applying the spectral method, the domain on which the governing equation is defined must be transformed to the interval [ − 1, 1 ], on which the spectral method can be implemented.
